Techno UNS

GRAMMAR FOCUS

John drives a taxi.

Past present future

It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.

Pattern 1 :

(+) : S+To be(is,am,are)+…

(-) :S+To be+not+…

(?) :To be+S+…?

Eg.: - I’am a dentist

- She is a teacher

Pattern 2 :

(+) : S+V1/s/es+… For the 3^rd person singular (he, she, it)

(-) :S+does/do+not+V1+…

(?) :Does/Do+S+V1+…

Pattern 3 :

(+) :S+V1+O For the 1^st person, second person and 3^rd person plural

(-) :S+do+not+V1+… (I,you,they,we)

(?) :Do+S+V1+…

Function SPT :

1. Untuk menyatakan kejadian yag berulang ulang dan terus menerus / kebiasaan(habit)

e.g : - The Moon goes round the Earth.

- John drives a taxi.

- My mother goes to market everyday.

2. Untuk menyatakan fakta.

Eg. : - a cat has four legs

3. Untuk menyatakan seberapa sering suatu kejadian dengan menggunakan adverb of frequency.

Eg. : - My father always get up at 04.30 a.m

- I never drink a glass of coffe before 01.00 p.m

There are three important exceptions:

1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:

Look at these examples:

• I live in New York.
• The Moon goes round the Earth.
• John drives a taxi.
• He does not drive a bus.
• We do not work at night.
• Do you play football?

Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the simple present tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of the verb "to be" in the simple present tense - some of them are general, some of them are now: